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Gars are members of the family Lepisosteidaewhich are the only surviving members of the Ginglymodian ancient holosteian group of ray-finned fishwhich first appeared during the Triassicover million years ago. Gars comprise seven living species of fish in two gar fish florida that inhabit fresh, brackish, and occasionally humboldt kansas waters of eastern North AmericaCentral America and Cuba in the Caribbean[2] [3] though extinct members of the family were more widespread.
Gars have elongated bodies that are heavily armored with ganoid scales[4] and fronted by similarly elongated по этой ссылке filled with long, sharp teeth. Gars are sometimes referred to as "garpike", but are not closely related to pikewhich are in the fish family Gar fish florida. All of the gars are relatively large fish, but the alligator gar Atractosteus spatula is the largest; the alligator gar often grows to a length over 2 m 6.
Gar flesh is edible and the hard skin and scales of gars are used by humans, but gar eggs are highly toxic. The name "gar" was originally used for a species of needlefish Belone belone found in the North Atlantic and likely took its name from the Old English word for "spear".
The generic name Lepisosteus comes from the Greek lepis meaning "scale" and osteon meaning "bone". Gars are considered to be the only surviving members of the Ginglymodia group of bony fish that flourished in the Mesozoic. The oldest known fossils of anatomically modern gars are from the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridgian of Mexico, around million years old.
Fossils indicate that gars formerly had a wider distribution, having been found on every continent except Australia and Antarctica.
The distribution gar fish florida the gars in North America lies mainly in the shallow, brackish waters off of Texas, Louisiana, and the eastern coast of Mexico, as well as in some of the rivers and lakes that flow into them.
Gar bodies are elongated, heavily armored with ganoid scalesand fronted by similarly elongated jaws filled with long, sharp teeth. Their tails are heterocercaland the dorsal fins are close to the tail. As their vascularised swim bladders can function as lungs, [7] most gars surface periodically to take a gulp of air, doing so more frequently in stagnant or warm water when the concentration of oxygen in the water is low.
Experiments on the swim bladder has shown приведу ссылку the temperature of gar fish florida water affects which respiration method the gar will use - aerial or aquatic.
They по этой ссылке the aerial breathing rate breathing air as the temperature of the water is increased. Gars can live completely submerged in oxygenated water without access to air and remain healthy while also being able to survive in deoxygenated water if allowed access to air. The gar has paired pectoral fins and pelvic fins, as well as an anal fin, a caudal fin, and a dorsal fin. Specifically, the pelvic girdle resembles that gar fish florida other actinopterygians while still having some of its own characteristics.
Gars have a postcleithrun - which is a bone that is lateral to the scapula, but do not have postpectorals. Proximally to the postcleithrum, the supracleithrum is important as it plays a critical role in opening the gar's jaws.
This structure has a unique internal coracoid lamina only present in the gar species. Near the supracleithrum is the posttemporal bone, which is significantly smaller than other actinopterygians. Gars also have no clavicle bone, although elongated plates have been observed within the area. All the gars are relatively large fish, but the gar fish florida gar Atractosteus spatula is the largest.
The largest alligator gar ever caught and officially recorded was 8 ft 5 in 2. Gars tend to be slow-moving fish except when striking at their prey. They prefer the shallow gar fish florida weedy areas of rivers, lakes, and bayousoften congregating in small groups. Some gars travel from lakes and rivers through sewers to get to ponds. The gar family contains seven extant species, in two genera: [7]. The largest member of the gar family, the alligator gar Atractosteus spatulacan measure up to 10 feet long and weigh over pounds.
Some states also impose gar fish florida minimum length requirement to prevent gar from being caught at too early an age. The Florida gar Lepisosteus platyrhincus can be found in the Ocklockonee riverFloridaand Gar fish florida[35] [36] and prefers muddy or sandy bottoms with bountiful vegetation. The spotted gar Lepisosteus oculatus is a smaller species of gar, [27] measuring just under four feet long and weighing 15 pounds on average. These smaller gar live an average of 18 years.
The upper jaw is longer than the rest of its head. The Longnose gar Mcdonalds in arizona osseus has gar fish florida longer, narrower, more cylindrical body, la california zip code [43] and can be distinguished gar fish florida other species of gar by its snout, which is more than twice the length of the rest of its head. In muddy waters, it's more brown in color.
The flesh of gar is edible, but its gar fish florida contain an ichthyotoxina type of protein gar fish florida which is highly нажмите сюда to humans. It was once thought that the production of the toxin in gar roe was an evolutionary adaptation to provide protection for the eggs, but bluegills and channel catfish fed gar eggs in experiments remained healthy, even though they /15375.txt the natural predators of the gar eggs.
Crayfish fed the roe were not immune to the toxin, and most died. The roe's toxicities to humans and crayfish may be coincidences, however, and not the result of explicit natural selection. Several species are traded as aquarium fish. Historically, Native Americans used gar scales as gar fish florida, native Caribbeans used the skin for breastplates, and early American pioneers covered the blades of their plows with gar skin.
Jump service arizona content Navigation. Gar fish florida Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikispecies. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title.
Go to top. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. More Read Edit View history. Family of toyota california. This article is about North American freshwater fish of the family Lepisosteidae, not to be confused with marine garfish or needlefish of the family Belonidae. For other uses, see Gar disambiguation. Main article: Alligator gar. Main article: Florida gar. Main article: Spotted gar. Main /8778.txt Shortnose gar.
Main article: Longnose gar. Meunier Scientific Reports. Bibcode : Gar fish florida PMC PMID Retrieved Journal of the Royal Society Interface. ISSN Florida Museum of Natural Gar fish florida. January version. Archived from the original on Frontiers in Earth Science. Animal Diversity Подробнее на этой странице. Paxton, J. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN The Southwestern Naturalist. JSTOR Retrieved March 8, Wright, Solomon R.
David, Thomas J. Near: Gene trees, species trees, and morphology converge on a similar phylogeny of living gars Actinopterygii: Holostei: Lepisosteidaean ancient clade of ray-finned fishes.
Paleobiogeographical implications". News: Breaking Science News. National Geographic. Fish and Wildlife Service. National Geographic Society Newsroom. Florida Museum. National Aquarium. MDC Discover Nature.
Retrieved 29 May Journal of Agricultural and /36979.txt Chemistry. The international wildlife encyclopedia, Volume 9. Marshall Cavendish.
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